A Security-Oriented Lifecycle Model for Large Language Model Systems
A paper proposes a lifecycle model for LLM systems structured around security-relevant boundaries, comprising 32 stages across Data, Model, Distribution, and Application layers, supported by a 12-stage LLMOps pillar and a 9-category governance pillar. Thirteen stages are introduced as distinct units to expose security concerns not clearly distinguished in existing frameworks.
Large language models are being integrated into critical infrastructure and enterprise workflows, but existing lifecycle frameworks prioritize operational efficiency over security analysis. This paper addresses the gap by proposing a security-oriented lifecycle model with 32 stages across four core pipeline layers (Data, Model, Distribution, Application), a 12-stage LLMOps pillar, and a 9-category governance pillar. Thirteen stages are newly introduced to highlight distinct security concerns. A governance mapping synthesizes requirements to lifecycle stages.
The model introduces 13 new stages that explicitly separate security-relevant activities such as data provenance verification, artifact signing, agentic permission control, and decommissioning, which are often implicit in existing frameworks. The structure enables systematic security analysis at each lifecycle boundary.
As LLMs become embedded in critical systems, the lack of security-focused lifecycle models creates operational risk. This framework provides a structured approach for enterprises and infrastructure operators to integrate security into LLM development and operations, potentially influencing industry standards.
The model helps organizations reduce security risks in LLM deployments by providing a clear mapping of security activities to lifecycle stages, potentially lowering compliance costs and preventing incidents in critical applications.
Adoption of this model could lead to new security tools and practices tailored to each lifecycle stage. Observable next signals include references to this model in security guidelines, integration into LLMOps platforms, or adoption by governance bodies.